Sandbox

APA

This guide is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., and gives citation examples for various sources commonly used in business. All page and section numbers refer to this manual.

General Guidelines

The Publication Manual of the APA (6th edition) includes scant information about how to cite document types common to business; in some cases there are different ways to interpret how to cite a specific item. The manual does state that when it offers no examples for the type of document to be cited, then you should find the closest example and use it to build your citation, which is what we have done with this guide (see p. 193, para.2 for more information on this rule).

In text citations

Capitalize all major words in titles within the body of the paper (Rule 4.15, p.101).

Example

  • According to the Nielsen Global Consumer Confidence Survey of 2010 [...]
  • In the book Business Ethics as Rational Choice, Hooker claims that [...]


Note: In reference lists, capitalize only the first word of the title and of the subtitle. Also capitalize proper nouns.

When quoting from print sources or online articles, give the author, year, and page number in parentheses (Rule 6.03, pp.170 - 171).

Example

  • According to Marketline (2010),..."direct_quotation" (p. 34).
  • "Direct_quotation"... (Acer, Inc., 2010, p. 17).

When paraphrasing from a source, or when referring to an idea contained in another work, you are encouraged to provide a page number (Rule 6.04 p. 171). If there is no date of publication, use the abbreviation (n.d.). List two or more works by different authors who are cited within the same parentheses in alphabetical order by the first author's surname or group/organization name (Rule 6.16 p. 177).

Example
(Bureau van Dijk, 2010; Datamonitor, 2009; Simpson, 2010)

It is acceptable to abbreviate long names in the second and following in-text references. Just be sure to give the reader enough information to be able to match the in text reference to the citation in the reference list.

Many electronic sources do not provide page numbers. If there is no page number, use paragraph numbers preceded by the abbreviation 'para.' (Rule 6.05 pp. 171-172). If a source contains neither page nor paragraph numbers, cite the heading (shorten the heading if it is long) (Rule 6.05 pp. 171-172).

Reference List

The list of sources at the end of the paper (bibliography) is called the reference list in APA. The reference list must include all cited references in the text of your paper.

Authors can be individuals or groups/organizations (e.g., Google, inc. or Euromonitor International).

Order the references alphabetically by the name of the group, or the last name of an individual author (Rule 6.25, p. 181). For an individual author's first name use only initials: 'Smith, J.', not 'Smith, Jennifer'.

If you have multiple publications by one author from different years order them earliest to latest: Smith, J. (1999) ... Smith, J. (2003).

If there is no author available, use the title as the author and include it in alphabetical order.

If there is no date of publication, use the abbreviation (n.d.).

Second and subsequent lines of each entry are indented 5-7 spaces. Double-space between all lines of your work, including references.

When citing books, reports, and most other items except periodicals (magazine and journal articles), capitalize only the first word of the title and of the subtitle (i.e. the first word after a colon or a dash) and proper nouns (Rule 6.29, p. 185).


Business Sources

The Business Sources page contains examples unique to business citations including content such as reports, tables, and data from resources such as Passport GMID, PMB, and Business Source Complete.



ABOUT

What this wiki is for

This wiki was created to provide assistance with citation for business sources. . It also contains general guidance on using the APA citation style. While it does not offer general guidance for books and articles, we do recommend that you visit your local library's website for areas of APA that are not covered here.

What this wiki is not for

Who is responsible

This APA Guide is a result of a collaborative effort of BC College and University Librarians.

Librarians contributing to this wiki represent the following institutions:


License

Scratch area below - for experiments.

test of hanging indent template

This is just a test of the hanging indent template that I built a few minutes ago. If it worked properly, the second line of this chunk of text should be indented. Fingers crossed!

Testing Multi-Category search results display (trans) here:

No pages found.



ANNUAL REPORTS

Annual reports should include:

  • company name
  • year
  • title of the report and an indicator that it is an Annual Report
  • URL of the publisher's home page (in this case SEDAR). You do not need to provide the direct URL to the report

In-Text

First citation: (Canadian National Railway [CNR], 2009, p.48) Subsequent citations: (CNR, 2009, pp.50-51)

Reference List

Canadian National Railway. (2009). Annual report: Ready for the recovery. Retrieved from http://www.sedar.com




ANNUAL REPORTS - COMPANY WEBSITES

Acer, Inc. (2009). Annual report. Retrieved from http://www.acer group.com/public/Investor_Relations/pdf/2009AnnualReport_English.pdf

ANNUAL REPORTS - SEDAR/EDGAR

Canadian National Railway. (2009). Annual report: Ready for the recovery. Retrieved from http://www.sedar.comh.pdf

BUSINESS SOURCE COMPLETE

Business Source Complete

Marketline Report

In-text •(Marketline, 2012)

Reference list •Marketline (2012, May 18). Apple Inc. Retrieved from http://www.marketline.com

Comment: Provide the URL of the publisher's home page (in this case Marketline). Do not provide the direct URL to the report, or the name of the database (Business Source Complete). See Citing Online Sources: Retrieval Statements for more information on this rule.

Journal article from BSC

In-text •(Brown and Getz, 267)

Reference list

•
Brown, G., and Getz, D. (2005). Linking wine preferences to the choice of wine tourism destinations. Journal Of Travel Research, 43(3), 266-276. doi:10.1177/0047287504272027


​Comments: For electronic versions based on a print source (such as PDF), include page numbers (6.32, p. 189).

The retrieval date is not required unless the source material is likely to change over time. Generally it is not necessary to include information about which database it was retrieved from (6.32, p. 192).

When a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is available, include the DOI right after the volume/issue number using the format: “doi:xxxxxxx” (6.32, p. 191). Can't find the DOI? DOI Lookup. If there is no DOI assigned, give the URL of the journal’s home page in place of the DOI. You may need to do a quick web search to locate the journal's website address if you found the article in a library database (e.g. Business Source Complete or PsychInfo).There is no period at the end of the URL.

Many electronic sources do not provide page numbers. In this case, use paragraph numbers preceded by the abbreviation 'para.' (Rule 6.05 pp. 171-172). If a source contains neither page nor paragraph numbers, cite the heading (shorten the heading if it is long) (Rule 6.05 pp. 171-172).

BUSINESS SOURCES

[test page]

Business Sources

Business Resources
  • Bloomberg
  • Business Source Complete
  • Business Insights
  • CBCA Full Text Business
  • Datastream
  • Factiva
  • Hoover's
  • IBIS World
  • IPSOS
  • Knotia
  • Lexis Nexis
  • Mergent online
  • Mint Global
  • Net Advantage
  • Passport GMID
  • PMB
  • SEDAR/EDGAR
  • Standard & Poor's
  • ThomsonOne
  • WRDS

By Type

Annual Reports
Data
Financial Reports
Industry profile
Market Research Reports
MD&A
PMB (Print Measure Bureau Category Reports)
Press Releases
Quarterly Reports
Ratios
Tables - Adapted
Tables - Reprinted





CONTACT US

If you have a question about how to cite something, please contact your local college or university library. Start by checking their sites (links for many are below) for general APA guidance, then contact them directly if you don't find the answers you need.

If, on the other hand, you have a question about this wiki, contact the current lead wiki editor at: ABCD...


DATA

[REALLY APPEARS TO BE PMB?]


Data

In-text

(Kantar Media, 2010)

Reference List

Kantar Media. (2010). Popcorn # packages/bowls ate in past 30 days. Retrieved from http://www.pmb.ca

Use this citation style when citing data from a table or elsewhere. Provide the URL of the publisher's home page (in this case Print Measurement Bureau). Do not provide the direct URL to the data.



DATA - CANSIM-CHASS

Statistics Canada. (2008, June 6) Table 326-0001 Consumer Price Index (CPI), 2001 Basket Content, Monthly (table). CANSIM. Retrieved from CHASS http://dc.chass.utoronto.ca/cansimdim (accessed June 13, 2008).

DATA - IPSOS NEWS CENTRE POLL

Simpson, S. (2010, November 1). Less than half (47%) of Canadians enjoy shopping for presents for the holidays. Retrieved from: http://www.ipsos-na.com

DATA - PRINT MEASUREMENT BUREAU

Kantar Media. (2010). Popcorn # packages/bowls ate in past 30 days. Retrieved from http://www.pmb.ca

DATA - THOMSONONE.COM -INVESTMENT BANKING

Thomson Reuters. (2011). Company earnings surprise: Starbucks Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.thomsonreuters.com

DATA - UNDATA

World Tourism Organization. (2010, August 11). Arrivals of non resident tourists/visitors, departures and tourism expenditure in the country and in other countries. Retrieved from http://unstats.un.org

DATA - WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

World Bank Group. (n.d.) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people). Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/

FACTIVA


Factiva

See examples for Mint Global.

FILINGS - SEDAR/EDGAR

Big Rock Brewery Income Trust. (2010, November 4). Quarterly report [MD&A]. Retrieved from http://www.sedar.com(accessed June 13, 2008).

FINANCIAL REPORTS

In text

(Bureau van Dijk, 2009)

Reference List

Bureau van Dijk. (2009, December 31). Canadian National Railway Company company report: Financials- global standard format. Retrieved from https://mintglobal.bvdep.com




GENERAL GUIDELINES

Follow the general rules for APA format for spacing and punctuation. Consult an APA guide for help.


IBISWORLD

IBISWorld

In-text •(Kaczanowska, 2013, Demand Determinants)

Reference List

•Kaczanowska, A. (2013, May). IBISWorld Industry Report 31212: Breweries in the US. Retrieved from http://www.ibisworld.com


Comments: The author is the analyst who wrote the report, their name usually appears in the top right-hand corner of the reports main page, beside the date it was published. If there is no author, the title is used instead, see - Formatting References.

IBISWorld reports do not have page numbers, to cite either a direct quotation or a paraphrased section of the report it is best to cite the heading (in this case - Demand Determinants) under which the information you are quoting came from. See - formatting in-text citations for more information.

Because IBISWorld creates unique reports, your Retrieved from statement uses the URL of that database. See Citing Online Sources: Retrieval Statements for more information on this rule.

INDUSTRY PROFILE

In-text

(Marketline, 2012, p.9)

Reference List

Marketline. (2012, September 01). Mobile phones in Asia-Pacific. [industry profile] retrieved from http://www.marketline.com




MD&A


MD&A Reports

MD&A reports require the following information to be included:

  • Company name
  • Date of the filing: Year, month and day
  • Type of report in italics followed by [MD&A] in square brackets.
  • URL where the report was retrieved and not the URL of the report itself (See example below)

In Text

(Big Rock Brewery Income Trust, 2010)

Reference List

Big Rock Brewery Income Trust. (2010, November 4). Quarterly report [MD&A]. Retrieved from http://www.sedar.com



Tags: SEDAR, Filings, Annual Reports, Quarterly Reports

MAIN PAGE

Welcome to the Business Librarians of B.C.'s APA Citation Guide.

This wiki was created to provide assistance with citation for business sources. It also contains general guidance on using the APA citation style. While it does not offer general guidance for books and articles, we do recommend that you visit your local library's website for areas of APA that are not covered here.

To edit this wiki you must be a contributor associated with the Business Librarians of B.C.

Consult the User's Guide for information on using the wiki software.


Getting started

MARKET RESEARCH REPORTS

Just like other sources, you need to include the following in your citation:

  • Author
  • Title
  • Date

You'll also need to include the source of your information. If it's a print copy, you need to include the publisher. If it's an online report, you'll need to include the URL.


MINT GLOBAL

Mint Global

In-Text •(Bureau van Dijk, 2010) •(Marketline, 2012, p.9)

Reference List - Marketline Reports

•Marketline. (2012, September 01). Mobile phones in Asia-Pacific. Retrieved from http://www.marketline.com


Reference List - Ratios

•Bureau van Dijk. (2010, January 30). American Eagle Outfitters Inc. company report: Ratios. Retrieved from https://mintglobal.bvdep.com


Reference List - Company Ownership Information

•Bureau van Dijk. (2009, December 31). Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc. company report: Ownership tree. Retrieved from https://mintglobal.bvdep.com


Reference List - Company Financials

•Bureau van Dijk. (2009, December 31). Canadian National Railway Company company report: Financials- global standard format. Retrieved from https://mintglobal.bvdep.com

NETADVANTAGE


In-text

(Standard & Poor's, 2013)

(Cathers, 2013)

(Cathers, 2013, Media Tablets)

Reference List

Standard & Poor's. (2013, June 1). Apple Inc. Standard & Poor's Stock Report. Retrieved from http://www.netadvantage.standardandpoors.com


Cathers, Dylan. (2012, October 25). Computers: Hardware. Standard & Poor's Industry Survey. Retrieved from http://www.netadvantage.standardandpoors.com

Comments

In the reference example 'Standard & Poor's Stock Report' references the resource type - S&P offers several more including Industry Survey and Subindustry Review which would be inserted into that section of the reference when used.

S&P reports do not have page numbers; to cite a direct quotation or a paraphrased section of the report it is best to cite the heading (in this case - Media Tablets) under which the information you are quoting came from. See - formatting in-text citations for more information.

In regards to the Retrieved from statement see Citing Online Sources: Retrieval Statements for more information on this rule.

ORBIS

In-text

(Bureau van Dijk, 2010)

(Marketline, 2012, p.9)


Reference List - Marketline Reports

Marketline. (2012, September 01). Mobile phones in Asia-Pacific. [industry profile] retrieved from http://www.marketline.com


Reference List - Ratios

Bureau van Dijk. (2010, January 30). American Eagle Outfitters Inc. company report: Ratios. Retrieved from https://orbis.bvdep.com


Reference List - Company Ownership Information

Bureau van Dijk. (2009, December 31). Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc. company report: Ownership tree. Retrieved from https://orbis.bvdep.com


Reference List - Company Financials

Bureau van Dijk. (2009, December 31). Canadian National Railway Company company report: Financials- global standard format. Retrieved from https://orbis.bvdep.com

PASSPORT GMID

In-text

(Euromonitor International, 2008, p. 16)

Reference list

Euromonitor International. (2008, December 17). Consumer lifestyles in Egypt [table]. Retrieved from http://go.euromonitor.com/Passport-Home


Comments: Use this citation style when citing data from a table or elsewhere. Use the citation style below if you are reprinting a table from this source in your work. Include page number(s) when available.Provide the URL of the publisher's website (in this case Euromonitor International). Do not provide the direct URL to the report. There is no period after the URL.


If you have more than one citation with the same author and year, follow the directions under Same author, multiple publications in one year.


Citing a table from Passport GMID

Reference below the table

Note. Adapted from Consumer lifestyles in Egypt, by Euromonitor International, December 17, 2008, p. 16, retrieved from http://go.euromonitor.com/Passport-Home Copyright 2008 by Euromonitor International.

Comments: This reference goes directly below a table reprinted or adapted from Passport GMID. If the table is copied exactly from Passport GMID, use the term "reprinted" in place of "adapted". Use "adapted" if you have altered the table. Note that the punctuation, and the order of title, author, etc., is different when citing a table from when citing text. Include a page number.

Provide the URL of the publisher's website (in this case Euromonitor International). Do not provide the direct URL to the table. See Citing Online Sources: Retrieval Statements for more information on this rule. Include a copyright statement.

PERMISSIONS

This page will store all permissions and file related to permissions given for use of specific content.

This page cannot be made non-public.

PRESS RELEASES

Press releases should include the following:

  • Author
  • Year, month and day of the release
  • Title of the press release
  • URL of the publisher's home page (in this case Ipsos). You do not need to provide the direct URL to the press release

In-Text

(Franco, 2010)

Reference List

Franco, J. (2010, November 11). Four in five adults say that being able to charge their devices wirelessly would make life easier. Retrieved from http://www.ipsos-na.com/



PRESS RELEASES - IPSOS NEWS CENTRE

Franco, J. (2010, November 11). Four in five adults say that being able to charge their devices wirelessly would make life easier. Retrieved from http://www.ipsos-na.com/


RATIOS


Ratios

In text

(Bureau van Dijk, 2010)

Reference List

Bureau van Dijk. (2010, January 30). American Eagle Outfitters Inc. company report: Ratios. Retrieved from https://orbis.bvdep.com



TABLES - REPRINTED


The following example is for a table you have reproduced in your paper exactly as it appears in another source. (Same format or state, no reconfiguration or new analysis).

In a Note below the table you need to include: Reprinted from Title of Work, by Author. Retrieved from ... Date of Copyright by Copyright Holder.

This work must have a full bibliographic entry in your Reference List even though the information in the Note field uses a lot of the same information.

Table example sm.png

Notes: An example of a table reprinted from Print Management Bureau. Number the table(s), placing the word "Table" and the number above the title. The table and note below should appear in a relevant place in your paper, and include text referring to the table by its number- ". . .as shown in Table 1, less than 40% of the households surveyed stated they regularly consume hot sauce..."




TABLES - ADAPTED

If you have compiled data from a variety of different sources and put it together to form your own table, you need to cite where you got the information from.

All sources that have been used to create the table's data need to be cited in a Note below the table.

You do not need to give the full bibliographic citation - Author (date) is sufficient But all of these sources should have a full entry in the Reference List.

When using multi-source data you want to describe what data is coming from where. e.g.: Note. Data for hot sauce consumption in the United States from Kantar Media (2010), for Canada from Statistics Canada (2011), and for Britain from Euromonitor International (2010b).

​If you have multiple kinds of data (population figures, consumer information, etc...) in one table you would describe each set of data. e.g.: Note. Population figures for XYZ from Author (date) and for ABC from Author (date). Data for pet ownership for XYZ from Author (date) and for ABC from Author (date).

Multi table example sm (1).png

You should put the table # and a description of its contents above the table, and the Note and its contents below the table, including the word "adapted" for the altered the table.

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